Tópicos Selectos en Producción y Sanidad Ovina: Aplicaciones de la genómica en la ovinocultura

Abulizi Wusiman, Yan-Ping Wang, Kang Ren, Guang-Bin Zhou, Xiang-Wei Fu, Lun Suo, Zhi-Qiang Fan, Liang Wang and Shi-En Zhu. 2012.Semen Storage at 23, 4 or -196°C and its Application to Artificial Insemination in Small-tail Han Sheep. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances Volume 7, Number 4, 299-308, 2012

Ali, J., Shelton J.N. 1993. Successful vitrification of day-6 sheep embryos. 1993. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 99 (1993) 65-70. Armstrong D.T., y Evans G. 1983. factors influencing success of embryo transfer in sheep and goats. Theriogenology, 19: 31-42.

Armstrong D.T., Pfitzner A.P., Warnes G.M. y Seamark R.F. 1983. Superovulation treatment and embryo transfer in Angora Goats. J. Reprod. fert. , 67: 403-410. Baldasarre H., Furnus C.C., de Matos D.G. y Pessi H. 1996. In vitro production of sheep embryos using laparoscopic folliculocentesis: alternative gonadotropin treatments for stimulation of oocyte donors. heriogenology 45, 707-717.

Baril G. Traldi A.L., Cognié Y., Lebeouf B., Beckers J.F., Mermillod P. Successful direct transfer of vitrified sheep embryos. 2001. Theriogenology 56 (2001) 299-305

Baril G., Brevion, P. y Chesne, P. 1993. Manual de formation practique pour la transplantation embryonnaire chez la brevibis et la chevre. FAO. Roma. Etude FAO et Sante Animales.

Bartlewski P.M., Beard A.P., Cook S.J., Chandolia R.K., Honaramooz A. y Rawlings N.C. 1999. Ovarian antral follicular dynamics and their relationships with endocrine variables through the oestrus cycle in breeds of sheep differing in prolificacy. J. Reprod. Fertil. 115:111-124.

Bearden H.J y Fuquay J. 1980.Applied Animal Reproduction.Reston Publishing Co. Reston Virginia.

Bedford J.N. 1970. Sperm capacitation and fertilization in mammals. Biology of reproduction, 2: 128.

Bevers M.M., Dieleman S.J. van Tol H.T.M. y Blankenstein D.M. 1988. Aberrations in gonadotropin hormone secretion in PMSG-Superovulated cows. Proc. XI Congr. Anim. Repro. and AI. Dublin, Ireland.

Burov V.A. 1974. Modified artificial vagina. Anim. Breed. Abst. 42:2193.

Coccero M.J., Lopez Sebastián A., Barragán M.L., Picazo R.A. 1996. Differences on post-thawing survival between ovine morulae and blastocysts cryopreserved with ethylene glycol or glycerol. Criobiology 33 (1996) 502-507.

Catt J.W. and Rhodes S.L. 1995. Comparative intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in humans and domestic species. Reprod. Fert. Dev.1995. 7(2): 161-166

Catt S.L., Catt J.W., Gomez MC, Maxwell WMC and Evans G (1996) The developmental competence of in vitro matured ovine oocytes, cytoplasmically injected with unsorted sperm or sperm sorted for sex by flow cytometry Proceedings of the 13th International Congress on Animal Reproduction, Sydney, Australia Abstract I p. 24

Cuthbertson K.S. and Cobbold P.H. 1985

Cognie, Y., Baril, G., Poulin, P. and P. Mermillod. 2003. Current status of embryo technologies in sheep and goat. Theriogenology 59 (2003) 171-178.

Crozet N., Huneau D., Desmedt V., Theron M-C, Szollosi D., Torres S. y Sellec C. 1987. In vitro fertilization with normal development in the sheep. Gam Res 16,159-170.

Cheng W. T.K. 1985. In vitro fertilization of farm animal oocytes. PhD. Thesis, University of Cambridge.

Chupin D., Cognie Y., Combarnous Y., Procureur R. y Saumande J. 1987. Follicular growth and ovulation rate in farm animals. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 1987.

Choi, Y.H.,D.D. Varner,C.C Love, D.L. Hartman and K. Hinrichs.2011. Production of live foals via introcytoplasmic injection of lyophilized sperm and sperm extract in horse. Reproduction (2011) 142:529-538.

Dattena M., Ptak G., Loi P., Cappai P., 2000. Survival and viability of vitrified in vitro and in vivo produced ovine blastocysts. Theriogenology 53 (2000) 1511-1519.

De Matos D.G., Furnus, C.C., Moses D.F. y Baldasarre, H. 1995. Effect of cisteamine on glutathione level and developmental capacity of bovine oocyte matured in vitro. Mol Reprod Dev 42, 432-436.

Donovan A, J.P. Hanrahan, T. Lally, M.P. Boland., Byrne G.P., P. Duffy, P. Lonergan and D.J. O ́Neil. 2001. AI for sheep using frozen-thawed semen. End of Project Report. ARMIS 4047. Teasac, Sheep Research Centre, Athenry Co. Galway and Faculty of Agriculture, University College, Dublin, Belfied, Dublin 4. ISBN 1 841701521.Driancourt M.A. y Fry R.C. 1988. Differentiation of ovulatory follicles in sheep.Vol. 66. XVIII Biennial Symposium on Animal Reproduction. Utah, USA. Journal of Anim. Sci. Supplement 2. P: 9-20.

Driancourt M.A., Gougeon A., Royere D. y Thibault C. 1993. Ovarian Function. En: Reproduction in Mammals and Man. Editores: C. Thibault, M.C. Levasseur, R.H.F. Hunter. Ellipses, Paris.1993. Earl C.R., Irvine B.J. and Armstrong D.T. 1994. Development of techniques for the production of viable embryos from six to seven week old lambs. Theriogenology 41:330.

Eppleston J. y Maxwell W.M.C. 1994. Sources of variation in the reproductive performance of ewes inseminated with frozen-thawed ram semen by laparoscopy. Theriogenology 41.

Evans G., Hollinshead F.K. and W.M.C. Maxwell. 2004. Preservation and artificial insemination of sexed semen in sheep. Reproduction Fertility and Development, 2004, 16:455-464

Evans A.C.O., Duffy P., Hynes N. y Boland M.P. 2000. Waves of follicle development during the estrus cycle in sheep. Theriogenology. 53: 699-715.

Fitzherald J.D., Stellflug, J.N. y Mole J. 1988. Photoperiodic management of scrotal circumference and fertility of rams with melatonin. Proc. 11th Cong. on Anim. Rep. and AI. Dublin. Ireland. Vol.4:405

Fukui Y. y H. Ono. 1988. In vitro development to blastocysts of in vitro matured and fertilized bovine oocytes. Vet. Res. 122.

Galli C. and G. Lazzari. 1996. Practical aspects of IVM/IVF in cattle. Animal Reproduction Science. Vol 42: 371-379.

Galli C. y Moor R.M. 1991. Gonadotropin requirements for the in vitro maturation of sheep oocytes and their subsequent embryonic development. Theriogenology 35, 1083-1093.

Gandolfi F. 1994. Autocrine, paracrine and environmental factors influencing embryonic development in the sheep by co-culture with oviduct epithelial cells. J. Reprod Fert 81, 23-28.

Gandolfi F. y Moor R.M. 1987. Stimulation of early embryonic development in the sheep by co-culture with oviduct epithelial cells. J.Reprod Fert 81, 23-28.

Gandolfi F., Pocar P., Luciano A.M. y Rieger D. 1994. Effect of EGF and IGF-1 during in vitro maturation of cattle oocytes on subsequent embryo development and metabolism. Theriogenology 45, 277.

García-García R.M., Gonzáles-Bulnes A., Dominguez V., Veiga-Lopez A.,Cocero M.J. 2006. Survival of frozen-thawed sheep embryos cryopreserved at cleavage stages. Cryobiology 52 (2006) 108-113.

García-Roselló E., García-Menqual E., Coy P., Alfonso J., Silvestre M.A. 2009. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection in livestock species: an update. Reprod. Domestic Anim. 2009, 44 (1): 143-151.G

ardner D.K., lane M., Spitzera. y Batt A. 1994. Enhanced rates of cleavage and development for sheep zygotes cultured to the blastocyst stage in vitro in the absence of serum and somatic cells: amino acids, vitamins, and culturing embryos in groups stimulate development. Biol Reprod 50, 390-400.

Gelez H., Fabre-Nys C.2004. The “male effect” in sheep and goats: a review of the respective roles of the two olfactory systems. Hormones and Behaviour. September 2004. 46 (3):257-271Gibbons A. y M Cueto. 2013. Manual de Transferencia de embriones en ovinos y caprinos. Segunda Edición. INTA. EEA Bariloche. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. 44pp

Gil L,Olaciregui M,Luño V,Malo C,González N,Martínez F.2014.Current status of freeze-drying technology to preserve domestic animals sperm.Reprod Domest Anim.2014; 49: Suppl 4:72-81.

Gillian L. y Maxwell W.M.C. 1998. The functional integrity and fate of cryopreserved ram spermatozoa in the female tract. Vth International Symposium on Reproduction in Domestic Ruminants. Colorado Springs,Co.USA. Jour. Rep. Fert. Supplement 54.

Gillian L., W.M. Chis Maxwell and G. Evans. 2004. Preservation and evaluation of semen for artificial insemination. Reproduction Fertility and Development, 2004, 16:447-454.GintherO.J., Kot K. y Wiltbank M.C. 1995. Associations between emergence of follicular waves and fluctuations in FSH concentrations during the estrus cycle in ewes. Theriogenology. 43: 689-703

Gonzales-Bulnes A., Baird, D.T., Campbell, B.K., Cocero, M.J., Garcia-Garcia R.M., Inskeep K.E., López-Sebastián A., McNeilly A.S., Santiago-Moreno J., Souza J.H. and Veiga-López A. 2004. State of the art in the production, conservation and transfer of in vivo produced small ruminant embryos. Rep. Fert. Dev. 2004; 16 (4):421-435.

Gonzales-Bulnes A. 2007. Avances en transferencia de embriones en pequeños rumiantes. Advances in embryo transfer in small ruminants. Acta Scientiae Veterinarie. 35 (Supl.3): s773-s780.

Greaney K.B., McDonald M.F., Vivanco H.W. y Tervit H.R. 1991. Out of season embryo transfer in five breeds of imported sheep. Proc. New Zealand Soc. of Anim. Prod. ,51: 129-131.

Gordon I. 1993. Controlled Breeding in Farm Animals. Pergamon Press Ltd. Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 OBW, England. First Edition.436p.Gordon I. 1994. Laboratory Production of Cattle Embryos. Biotechnology in Agriculture. Vol 11. CAB International. UK.

Gusmão A.L, Silva JC, Bittencourt TCC, Martins LEP, Gordiano HD, Barbosa LP. 2009.Transcervical embryo recovery in Dorper ewes in the Brazilian semi-arid Northeast. Arq. Bras.Med. Vet. Zootec.61 (2). Belo Horizonte. Abstr.35

Gusmão A.L. 2011. State-of-the-art in the transcervical embryo collection in goats and sheep. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 39: 37-42.

Hafez E.S.E. 1980. Reproductionin farm animals. 4th Edit. Lea and Febiger. Philadelphia.USA.

Han Y.M., Kim S.H., Park I.Y. Kang Y.K., Lee C.S; Koo D.B., Lee T.H. Yu D.Y., Kim Y.H., Lee J.K., Lee K.K. 2000. Blastocyst viability and generation of transgenic cattle following freezing of in vitro produced, DNA-injected embryos. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 63 (2000) 53-63

Hanif M. y Williams H.Ll. 1988. The effect of Melatonin and light treatment on the reproductive performance of yearling suffolk rams. Proc. XI Int. Cong. Animal Reprod. and AI. Vol 4: 406-408.

Hasler J.F. 1994. Commercial applications of in vitro fertilization in cattle. The Compendium. Vol. 6 (8): 1062-1073.

Harper K.M. y Brakett B.G. 1993. Bovine blastocyst development after in vitro maturation in a defined medium with epidermal growth factor and low concentrations of gonadotropins. Biol Reprod. 48, 409-416

Heyman Y., Vincent C., Garnier V., Cognie Y. 1987. Transfer of frozen-thawed embryos in sheep. 1987. Veterinary Record 120 (1987) 83-85.Hirabayashi, M., M. Kato, J. Ito, and S. Hochi.2005.Viable rat offspring derived from oocytes intracytoplasmically injected with freeze-dried sperm heads.Zygote13:79–85.Hulet C.V. y Shelton M. 1980. In: Reproduction in farm animals. Hafez E.S.E Editor. 4th Edition. Lea and Febiger. Philadelphia.USA.1980.

Isachenko V., Alabart J.L., Dattena M., Nawroth F., Cappai P., Isachenko E., 2003. New Technology for vitrification and field (microscope-free) warming and transfer of small ruminant embryos. Theriogenology 59 (2003) 1209-18Jabbour H.N., Evans G., y Moore N.W. 1986. Steroidogenic and ovulatory response of Merino ewes to PMSG and porcine FSH. Proc. Australian Soc. Repro. Biol. 18: 55

Kelly J.M., Mawson B.L., Davies L., Hartwich K.M. y Walker S.K. 2001. Production of third generation lambs derived from successive juvenile in vitro embryo transfer (JIVET) procedures. Theriogenology 55 (1): 428.

Kennaway D.J. 1988.Short-and long-term effects of manipulation of the pineal/melatonin axis in ewes. Reprod. Nutr. Development. 1988. 23 (2B):399-408.Keskintepe, L., A. Hassan, I. Khan, and S. L. Stice.2001.Bovine embryo development after lyophilized sperm injection.Theriogenology55:505.

Kobayashi K., Yamashita S. y Hoshi H. 1994. Influence of epidermal growth factor-on in vitro maturation of cumulus cell-enclosed bovine oocytes in a defined medium. J Reprod Fert 100, 349-446.

Leyva V., Buckrell B.C. y Walton J.S. 1998. Regulation of follicular activity and ovulation in ewes by exogenous progestagen. Theriogenology. 50: 395-416.

Lindsay D.R. y Thimonier J. 1988. Timing and frequency of reproduction in sheep physiological factors. 3rd World Congress on Sheep and beef cattle Breeding. Vol 2: 547-563.

Lincoln G.A. y Short R.V. 1980. Seasonal breeding: Natures contraceptive. Recent Progress in Hormone Research. Vol. 36.

Lincoln G.A., Almeida O.F.X. y Arendt J. 1980. Role of melatonin and circadian rhythms in seasonal reproduction in rams. J.Reprod. and fert. Suppl. 30: 23-31.

Liu, J. L., H. Kusakabe, C. C. Chang, H. Suzuki, D. W. Schmidt, M. Julian, R. Pfeffer, C. L. Bormann, X. C. Tian, R. Yanagimachi, and X. Yang.2004.Freeze-dried sperm fertilization leads to full-term development in rabbits.Biol. Reprod70:1776–1781.

Loi P., Ptak G., Dattena M. Ledda S., Naitana S. y Cappai P. 1998. Embryo transfer and related technologies in sheep reproduction. 14thScientific Meeting. European Embryo Transfer Association. Venice. Italy.91-104.

Lu K.H., I. Gordon, M. Gallagher and H. McGovern. 1987. Pregnancy established in cattle by transfer of embryos derived from in vitro fertilization of oocytes matured in vitro. Vet. Rec. 121: 259-260.

Lu K.H., I. Gordon, H.B. Chen, M. Gallagher and H. McGovern. 1988. Birth of twins after transfer of cattle embryos produced by in vitro techniques. Vet. Rec. 122: 539-540.

Mara L., C. Accardo, S. Pilichi, M. Dattena, F. Chessa, B. Chessa, A. Branca and P. Cappai. 2005. Benefits of TEMPOL on ram semen motility and in vitro fertility: a preliminary study. Theriogenology 63 (2005) 2243-2253.Martínez A.G., Matkovic M. 1998. Cryopreservation of ovine embryos: Sow freezing and vitrification. Theriogenology 49 (1998) 1039-1049.

Martinez A.G., Valcárcel A., Furnus C.C., de Matos D.G., Iorio G. De las Heras M.A. 2006. Cryopreservation of in vitro-produced ovine embryos. Small Ruminant Research 63 (2006) 288-296.

Maxwell W.M.C., Szell A., Hunton J.R., y Ryan J.P. 1990. Artificial breeding: Embryo transfer and cloning. In: Reproductive Physiology of Merino Sheep. Editors: Oldham C.M., Martin G.B. y Purvis I.W. School of agriculture. University of Western Australia. Nedlands, Perth.

Maxwell W.M.C., y Wilson H.R. 1989. Superovulation and embryo recovery in ewes treated with a single injection of PMSG and FSH-P. Aust. Soc. for Reprod. Biol. Proceed. of the 21th Annual Conf., Monash University Australia.McGinnis L.K., Duplantis Jr S.C, Youngs C.R. 1993. Cryopreservation of sheep embryos using ethylene glycol. Animal Reproduction Science 30 (1993) 273-280.

McGinnis L.K., Youngs C.R. 1190. Vitrification of ovine embryos. Theriogenology 33 (1990) 287. Abst.Mc Kelvey W.A.C., Robinson JJ, Aitken RP, Robertson IS. 1986. Repeated recoveries of embryos from ewes by laparoscopy. Theriogenology 25: 855-865.

McMillan W. H. and Hall D.R.H. 1990.Superovulation in the ewe: effects of stage of cycle and PMSG in oFSH (Ovagen) treated ewes. Proc. Aust. Soc. Rep. Biol. Conf. Sept. 24-26. Perth. W.A. P:38.

McNatty, K. P., Galloway, S. M., Wilson, T., Smith, P., Hudson, N. L., et al.2005. Physiological effects of major genes affecting ovulation rate in sheep. Genet Sel Evol37 Suppl 1, S25-38. Mirjana Gavella, Kaskresenija Lipovac, Verica Garaj-Vrhovac and Goran Gajski.2012. Protective effect of Gangliosides on DNA in human spermatozoa spermatozoa exposed to cryopreservation. Journal of Andrology 2012 (33):1016-1024.

Moberg P.G. 1984. Adrenal -Pituitary Interactions: Effects on Reproduction. Proc. 10th Intl. Cong. in Animal Reproduction and AI. Urbana-Chanpaing, Illinois.USA.Vol IV:I-29.Monniaux D. 2012. Superovulatory responses and embryo production in ruminants: Lessons from the ovaries. Proceedings 28thAnnual Meeting A.E.T.E.-Saint Malo, France, 7-8September 2012. P 7-27.

Moore N.W., y Eppleston J. 1979. Embryo transfer in the Angora goat. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 30: 973-981.Murillo Mansano Moscardini, Caroline Scott, Diego Souza Moura, Tarcisio Torre Laurenco, Viviana Helena Vallejo Aristizábal, Faviana Ferreyra Souza. 2014. Viabilidad de espermatozoides ovinos mantenidos a 5 y 15 grados C en diferentes sistemas de refrigeración. R. Bras. Cienc. Vet. 2014. 21 (2): 122-126

Nelson E. 1982. Procedures for collecting and processing small ruminants semen. Bullet. California State Polytechnic University. Pomona. CA.USA.Oldenbroek, K. 2007. Utilization and conservation of farm animal genetic resources. Wageningen Academic Publishers. The Netherlands, 2007. 232pp.

Palermo, G., Joris, H., Devroey, P. and Van Steriteghem, A.C. 1992.Preganancies after intracytoplasmic injection of single spermatozoon into an oocyte. Lancet 340, 17-18.

Papadopoulus S., Rizos, D., Duffy P., Wade M., Quinn K., Boland M.P. et al. 2002. Embryo survival and recipient pregnancy rates after transfer of fresh or vitrified, in vivo or in vitro produced ovine blastocyst. Animal Reproduction Science 74 (2002) 35-44.

Pelletier J. y Otravant R.1975. Photoperiodc control of LH release in the ram and night androgen interaction. Acta Endocrinológica. 78:442.

Pereyra-Bonnet F.,A. Gibbons,M. Cueto,R. Bevacqua,L. EscobarandD. Salamone. 2010. Cytoplasmic microinjection of exogenous DNA inin vitroandin vivoderived sheep embryos. Reproduction, Fertility and Development23(1) 263-263

Polge, C., A. U. Smith, and A. S. Parkes.1949.Revival of spermatozoa after vitrification and dehydration at low temperature.Nature164:666–667.

Ptak G.,Loi P., Dattena M., Cappai P. y Tischner M. 1997. IVM/IVF techniques in prepubertal lamb oocytes. Proc. 13thAETE Scientific Meeting, Lyon, 192.

Ptak G., Dattena M., Loi L., Tischner M y Cappai P. 1998. repeated oocyte recovery for IVP of ovine blastocysts. Proc. 5oth ICAR, Milan.Rangel-Santos R. 1991. Investigations into procedures for the implementation of a multiple ovulation and embryo transfer scheme using ewe lambs. PhD Thesis. Massey University. Palmerston North .New Zealand. 233pp.

Raymond W., Wright, Jr. y Kenneth R. Bondioli. 1981. aspects of in vitro fertilization and embryo culture in domestic animals. Jour Anim Sci 53 (3):702-726

Remy B., Baril G., Vallet J.C., Dufour R., Chouvet C., Saumande J., Chupin D. y Beckers J.F. 1991. Are antibodiesresponsible for a decreased superovulatory response in goats which have been treated repeatedly with porcine follicle-stimulating hormone?. Theriogenology, 36: 389-399.

Rexroad C.E.J., y Powel A.M. 1986. Co-culture of sheep ova and cells from sheep oviduct. Theriogenology25, 187.

Rico, C. Drouilhet, L., Salvetti, P., Dalbies-Tran, R., Jarrier, P., Tuzé, J-L., Pillet, E., Ponsart, C., Fabre, S. and Moniaux, D. 2012. Determination of anti-Mullerian hormone concentrations in blood as a tool to select Holstein donor cows for embryo production: from the laboratory to the farm. Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 2012, 24: 932-944Rubianes Edgardo. 2001. Avances en el conocimiento de la fisiología ovárica de los pequeños rumiantes y su aplicación para el manejo reproductivo. Actas de Fisiología. 6:95-105

Rubianes E., de Castro T.y Carvajal B. 1996. Effect of high progesterone levels during the growing phase of dominant follicle wave 1 in ultrasonic monitored ewes.

Can. J. Anim. Sci. 16: 473-475.

Sinha N.K., Wani G.M. y Sahni K.L. 1980. Observations on the reproductive behaviour and semen quality of rams reared under tropical conditions. Anim. Breed. Abst. 48:6044.

Schieve M.C., Rall W.F., Stuart L.D., Wildt D.E. 1991. Analysis of cryoprotectant, cooling rate and in situ dilution using conventional freezing or vitrification for cryopreserverving sheep embryos. Theriogenology 36 (1991) 279-293.

Schiewe M.C., Howard J.G., Stuart L.S., Goodrowe K.L. and Wildt D.E. 1985. Human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) for superovulation in sheep. Theriogenology ,23:227.

Shirazi A., Soleimani M., Karimi M., Nazari H., Ahmadi E., Heidari B. 2010. Vitrification of in vitro produced ovine embryos at various developmental stages using two methods. Cryobiology 60 (2010) 204-2010.

Songsasen N, Buckrell B.C., Plante C., Leibo S.P. 1995. In vitro produced embryos using ethylene glycol in controlled freezing or vitrification. Cryobiology 32 (1995) 78-91.

Tervit H.R. 1996. Laparoscopy/laparotomy oocyte recovery and juvenile breeding. Anim. Prod. Sci. 42: 227-238.Tervit H.R., Smith J.F., McGowan L.T., Wells, R.W. y Pugh P.A. 1993. Laparoscopic recovery of ovarian ovaries from slaughtered or living sheep. Proc Aust Soc Reprod Biol 25, 7.

Tervit H.R., Smith J.F., McGowan L.T. y Pugh P.A. 1995. Birth of lambs from embryos produced in vitro following laparoscopic recovery of follicular oocytes . Proc Aust Soc Reprod Biol 27, 68.

Tervit H.R., D.G. Wittinham and L.E.A. Rowson. 1972. Successful culture in vitro of sheep and cattle ova. J. Reprod. Fert. 30: 493-497.

Tiwari S.B. y Sahni K.L. 1976. A note on the effect of cooling rate, temperature of storage and packing material on the livability of ram spermatozoa. Anim. Breed. Abst. 45: 278.

Tiwari S.B. y Sahni K.L. 1977. Comparative studies on sexual response and semen quality through electroejaculation and artificial vagina. Anim. Breed. Abst. 45:3886.

Torres S., Cognie Y., y Colas G. 1987. Transfer of superovulated sheep embryos obtained with different FSH-P. Theriogenology, 27 (2): 107-119Turek F.W. y Campbell C.S. 1979. Photoperiodic regulation of neuroendocrine gonadal activity. Biology of Reproduction. 1979, 20: 32-50

Usbroko Y.1995. A study of transcervical artificial insemination in sheep. M. Agric. Sci. Thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.Ushijima H., Yamakawa H., Nagashima H. 1999. Cryopreservation of bovine pre-morula-stage in vitro matured/in vitro fertilized embryos after delipidation and before use in nucleous transfer.Biol. Reprod. 60 (1999) 534-539.Viñoles C., Forsberg M., Banchero G. y Rubianes E. 2000. Ovarian folicular dinamics during the estrus cycle in the ewe. 14thInternational Congress on Animal Reproduction. Stockholm, 2-6 July 2000. Abstracs Vol. 1 :26.

Vivanco H.W. 2014. Criopreservación de semen y embriones de ovinos y caprinos, estado de arte, impacto en el desarrollo ganadero a nivel mundial. Proceedings Seminario Internacional de Criopreservación de Gametos, Embriones y Células. 3 al 5 de Diciembre 2014. Universidad Nacional de Huancavelica.Perú.Vivanco H.W. 1998. Transferencia embrionaria en Ovinos y Caprinos. Memorias Seminario Internacional de Aplicación de Técnicas Biotecnológicas en la Reproducción de Ovinos y Caprinos. Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo. México. p 44-92.

Vivanco H. W. 1996. Evaluation of hormonal treatments applied to recipient ewes for the improvement of embryo survival. Proc. 13Th International Congress on Animal Reproduction. Sydney, Australia. Vol. 3:P18-11.

Vivanco H.W. 1983. Evaluation of the year, breed, month, period of the year and seasonal influences on the reproductive capabilities of rams at high altitude conditions in the Peruvian highlands. Thesis. M Sc. Agric. California State Polytechnic University. Pomona. CA. USA. 259 pp.

Vivanco H.W., M. Olifent, J.Forsyth, M Berg, D.Saywell, N.Li and R. Tervit. 2000. Production of live normal calves from embryo reconstructs generated by nuclear transfer of blastomeres from in vitro produced embryos. 14thInternational Congress on Animal Reproduction. Stockholm, 2-6 July2000. Abst. Vol 2, 19:15.

Vivanco H. W., Greaney K.B, y Varela H. 1994. Explaining the variability in superovulation responses and yield of transferable embryos in sheep embryo transfers. Theriogenology. 41(1): 329

Vivanco H W. y Greaney, K. 1992. Comparison of bisected and whole sheep embryos transferred in-season and out of season.Theriogenology. 37 (1):316.

Vivanco H W., Lynch P., Aspinal J., y Edwards R. 1992. Effects of monoclonal antibodies against PMSG and of GNRH 0n the ovarian response and yield of embryos in sheep superovulated with PMSG. Proc. 12Th International Congress on Animal Reproduction. The Hague, The Netherlands. Vol 1: 286-288.

Vivanco H W., Rangel R., Lynch, P. y Rhodes, A. 1991. Large scale commercial application of bisection of sheep embryos. Theriogenology. 35(1):292.

Vivanco H. W. y Alarcon V.P. 1987. Artificial insemination of ewes with frozen semen in the Peruvian central Andes. Proc. annual Meeting. Western Section. Am. Soc. Ani. Sci. Logan .Utah. Vol 38: 237-239.

Vivanco, H.W.; Roberts, E.M.; Alarcon, V. and E. Ludeña. 1985. Aplicación de la inseminación artificial con semen congelado australiano en ovejas Corriedale con celo inducido en la SAIS Pachacutec, Sierra Central del Perú, por inseminación intrauterina. Proc. VIII Reunión Científica APPA. Huancayo. Perú.1985.

Vivanco H.W. y Valera J. 1980. Deep freezing of ram semen with the TRIS diluent packaged in various systems. Proc. IX International Congress on Animal Reproduction and artificial insemination. Madrid. Spain. Vivanco-Mackie Henry William. 2013. Strategies for Superovulation, Embryo production and Transfer in Sheep and Alpacas. Proceedings 29th Annual Meeting A.E.T.E.- Istanbul, Turkey, 6th-7thSeptember 2013. Pages 43-74. Vivanco-Mackie, H.W. 2001. Transferencia de Embriones en las especies ovina y caprina. En: Biotecnología de la Reproducción. Gustavo A Palma, Editor. Ediciones Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Argentina. Primera Edición, 2001. Pags: 603-636. (Embryo Transfer in Sheep and Goats. In: Biotechnology of Reproduction. Gustavo A. Palma, Editor. Editorial: National Institute ofAgricultural Technology. Argentina. First Edition. 2001. Pages: 603-636)

Vivanco-Mackie H. W. 2000. Development and application of ovum pick up (OPU) and in vitro embryo production in the bovine. A view to arTech experiences. Proceedings Australian Embryo Transfer Society Perth Conference “ET Beyond 2000”. Observation City WA. : 30-48 Wakayama, T. and R. Yanagimachi. 1998. Development of normal mice from oocytes injected with freeze-dried spermatozoa. Nat. Biotechnol16:639–641.

Walker S.K., Smith D.H., Fresham A., Ashman R.J. y Seamark R.F. 1989. The use of synthetic gonadotropin releasing hormone treatment in the collection of sheep embryos. Theriogenology. 31 (4): 741- 752

Wells, D.N., Misica, P.M., A.M. Day and H.R Tervit. 1997. Production of cloned lambs from an established embryonic cell line: a comparison between in vivo-and in vitro- matured cytoplasts. Biol. Reprod. 57, 385-393.

Willadsen S.M., Polge C., Rowson L.E.A., Moor R.M. 1974.Preservation of sheep embryos in liquid nitrogen. Cryobiology. 1974. 11:560.

Windsor, D.P. 1993. Transcervical insemination of Merino ewes. Australian Society of Reproductive Biology. Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference, The University of Otago. Dunedin. P 74.

Windsor, D.P. 1995. Factors influencing the success of transcervical insemination in Merino ewes. Western Australia Journal of Agriculture. 33: 145-147.

Wright R.W., Bondioli K., Grammerr J., Kuzan F. y Merino A.Jr. 1981. FSH or FSH plus LH superovulation in ewes for estrus synchronization with Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Pessaries. Journal Of Anim. Sci. Vol 52(1):115-118.

Xu K.P., B. Hill and K.J. Betteridge. 1992. Application of in vitro fertilization techniques to obtaincalves from v aluable cows after slaughter. Vet. Rec. 130: 204-206.

Yaniz j.,Marti J.L., Silvestre M.A., Folch, J.,Santolaria, P., Alabart, J.L., Lopez-Gatius F. 2005. Effects of solid storage of sheep spermatozoa at 15 degrees C on their survival and penetrating capacity. Theriogelology. 2005, 64 (8): 1844-51.

Youngs C.R. S.P. Leibo and R.A. Godke. 2010. Embryo cryopreservation in domestic mammalian livestock species. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources 5 (2010).N° 060.